Kachi Phase One DFS Addendum Investor Presentation
Released
Released
Announcement PDF
Kachi Phase One DFS Addendum
Presentation
August 2025
Disclaimers
General Statement and Cautionary Statement
This presentation has been prepared by Lake Resources N.L. (Lake) for information purposes and not any particular party. The information in this presentation is based upon public information and internally developed data and
reflects prevailing conditions and views as of this date, all of which are accordingly subject to change. The information contained in this presentation is of general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any
particular individual or entity. There is no guarantee that the information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No warranties or representations can be made as to the origin,
validity, accuracy, completeness, currency or reliability of the information. No one should act upon such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation. Lake Resources NL
accepts no responsibility or liability to any party in connection with this information or views and Lake disclaims and excludes all liability (to the extent permitted by law) for losses, claims, damages, demands, costs and expenses of
whatever nature arising in any way out of or in connection with the information, its accuracy, completeness or by reason of reliance by any person on any of it. The information regarding projects described in this presentation are
based on exploration targets, apart from the Kachi project’s resource statement. The potential quantity and grade of an exploration target is conceptual in nature, with insufficient exploration to determine a mineral resource and
there is no certainty that further exploration work will result in the determination of mineral resources or that potentially economic quantities of lithium will be discovered. The lithium pegmatite leases occur adjacent to past
producers of spodumene but no potential extension to any mineralisation can be assured.
Forward Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this presentation, including information as to the future financial performance of the projects, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon a number
of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Lake Resources N.L. are inherently subject to significant technical, business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties and contingencies; involve
known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from estimated or anticipated events or results, expressed or implied, reflected in such forward-looking
statements; and may include, among other things, statements regarding targets, estimates and assumptions in respect of production and prices, operating costs and results, capital expenditures, reserves and resources and
anticipated flow rates, and are or may be based on assumptions and estimates related to future technical, economic, market, political, social and other conditions and affected by the risk of further changes in government regulations,
policies or legislation and that further funding may be required, but unavailable, for the ongoing development of Lake’s projects. Lake Resources N.L. disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements,
whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. The words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “indicate”, “contemplate”, “target”, “plan”, “intends”, “continue”, “budget”, “estimate”, “may”, “will”,
“schedule” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements made in this announcement are qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements. Investors are cautioned that forward-looking
statements are not guarantees of future performance and accordingly investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements due to the inherent uncertainty therein. Lake does not undertake to update any
forward-looking information, except in accordance with applicable securities laws.
Disclaimers
Compliance Statement
The information contained in this presentation relating to financial forecasts, production targets, exploration targets, exploration results, Measured, Indicated and Inferred resource estimates, project execution, infrastructure and
testing work, has been derived from the information in Lake’s Kachi Project Phase One Definitive Feasibility Update Study Results (“DFS Addendum”) and Lake’s Updated Ore Reserve Statement (“Ore Reserve Update”) both announced on
ASX on 4 August 2025 and mineral resource update announced on ASX on 3 June 2025. Lake confirms that it is not aware of any information that materially affects the information included in the DFS Addendum or the Ore Reserve
Update both announced on ASX on 4 August 2025 and mineral resource update announced on ASX on 3 June 2025 and all material assumptions contained in those announcements continue to apply and have not materially changed,
including all material assumptions underpinning the production targets or forecast information derived from production target, and all technical parameters underpinning the estimates of mineral resource and ore reserves. On this basis,
Lake confirms that the findings of Mr. Andrew Fulton, the Competent Person, in the DFS Addendum and the Ore Reserve Update both announced on ASX on 4 August 2025 and, in respect of Lake’s mineral resource, in the mineral resource
update announced on 3 June 2025, have not changed nor been modified in any material respects since those announcements.
Hatch Disclaimer
The DFS Addendum was prepared by Hatch Ltd. (“Hatch”), together with certain other consultants (the “Other Consultants”), for the sole and exclusive benefit of Lake Resources N.L. (the “Principal”) for the purpose of undertaking a study for
the Kachi Project (“Project”), and may not be provided to, relied upon or used by any other party. This DFS Addendum summary report was created by the Principal to summarize material and key matters from the DFS Addendum. The use of
the DFS Addendum by the Principal is subject to the terms of the relevant services agreement between Hatch and the Principal. This DFS Addendum summary report is meant to be read as a whole, and sections should not be read or relied
upon out of context. The DFS Addendum summary report includes information provided by the Principal, the Other Consultants and by certain other parties on behalf of the Principal. Unless specifically stated otherwise, Hatch has not verified
such information and does not accept any responsibility or liability in connection with such information. In particular, Hatch does not accept any responsibility or liability in connection with the sections of this DFS Addendum summary report
that have been prepared by the Principal or by the Other Consultants. This DFS Addendum summary report contains the opinion of Hatch using its professional judgment and reasonable care, based upon information available at the time of
preparation. The quality of the information, conclusions and estimates contained in the report are consistent with the intended level of accuracy as set out in this report, as well as the circumstances and constraints under which this DFS
Addendum summary report was prepared. As the DFS Addendum is a feasibility study and the DFS Addendum summary report is a summary of a feasibility study updates, all estimates and projections contained in this DFS Addendum
summary report are based on limited and incomplete data. Accordingly, while the work, results, estimates and projections in this DFS Addendum summary report may be considered to be generally indicative of the nature and quality of the
Project, they are not definitive. No representation or prediction in this DFS Addendum summary report is intended as a guarantee of the results of future work, and Hatch does not promise that the estimates and projections in this DFS
Addendum summary report will be realized this information in the form and context in which it appears. The information in this announcement is an accurate representation of the available data from initial exploration at the Kachi Project as
prepared by Mr. Fulton.
Executive Summary
DFS Update
DFS Addendum delivers significant project improvements
Positive Updates Since Original DFS
✓ Higher brine grades – 249 mg/L Design Basis
✓ DLE technology improvements
✓ New high-quality resource and reserve data
✓ Well development and construction efficiencies
DFS Addendum Financial Highlights
▪
▪
▪
▪
US$1,157M Capex
US$5,895/t Opex
US$1.5B Pre-Tax NPV10
22.5% Pre-Tax IRR
✓ Completed power supply FEED
✓
2023
Completed Kachi
Phase 1 DFS
2024 - 2025
✓ Completed Value
Engineering Study
2025
✓ Completed DFS Addendum
with Hatch Engineering
5
DFS Update
Key drivers of DFS Addendum Results
Higher Brine
Grade
Improved DLE
Technology
Reduced
Footprint and
Reagent Use
Stronger Project
Economics
•
•
•
Updated average lithium concentration increased from 205 mg/L (Original DFS) to >250 mg/L1
DFS Addendum design basis set at 249 mg/L, enabling more efficient lithium extraction
Average lithium concentration further increased to 268 mg/L2 indicating additional realizable
improvements beyond those achieved in the DFS Addendum
•
•
•
Transition to Lilac Gen4 Ion Exchange (IX) technology3
Recovery rates increased from ~80% to ~90%
Greater throughput, longer IX media lifecycle, and fewer IX modules required resulting in a 39% lower
DLE Capex and 40% lower DLE Opex
•
•
•
•
•
~22% reduction in number of wells representing 35% and 44% improvement in well Capex and Opex,
respectively
~50% reduction in number of DLE modules
~15-20% reduction in plant footprint4
Reduced brine pumping requirements resulting from higher brine grades and improved flow rates
Significantly lower reagent consumption
•
•
•
Lower capital intensity and improved operational efficiency
Engineering improvements offset inflationary pressures
Robust project IRR and NPV
1 Refer to ASX announcement dated 3 June 2025. 2Refer to ASX announcement dated 4 August 2025 – Updated Lithium Ore Reserve. The following cost savings are realized on the design basis of 249 mg/L. 3Refer to Lilac Solutions’ announcement and Technical White Paper
dated 25 June 2024 about its latest generation lithium extraction technology. 4With enhanced lithium content and advanced processing efficiencies, the plant's physical footprint is reduced while maintaining planned production capacity.
6
Kachi Phase 1 DFS Addendum Results
1
REDUCED
CAPEX
•
•
•
Capex now US$1,157M, representing ~US$220M improvement from Original DFS figures1
Represents a 19% improvement from the inflation adjusted baseline1 or a 16% improvement from Original DFS
Further Capex reduction achievable due to improved brine concentration of 268 mg/L 2
2
REDUCED
OPEX
•
•
•
Meaningful improvement in Opex to US$5,895/t LCE, still one of the lowest on the industry cost curve
Represents a 3% improvement from Original DFS numbers
Further Opex reduction achievable due to improved lithium brine concentration to 268 mg/L2
3
ROBUST
FINANCIALS
•
Estimated NPV10% at US$1,469M pre-tax and US$1,011M post-tax based on Benchmark Mineral Intelligence (BMI) Q2 2025 average
price of ~US$20,500/t3 for battery grade lithium carbonate over life of mine
Estimated IRR at 22.5% pre-tax and 19.7% post-tax
4.5-year payback period
4
REDUCED
EXECUTION
RISK
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Plant design basis updated to 249 mg/L to reflect improved lithium concentration4
Measured resource increased from 3.0 to 4.2 Mt LCE, total resource increased from 10.6 to 11.1 Mt LCE4
Single phase5 plant construction approach now utilized
Critical de-risking milestone for grid power – YPF-Luz completed FEED for Kachi power connection in May 2025, reflecting a betterunderstood, executable, and technically viable power solution6
Next generation DLE technology
Benign brine chemistry eliminates costly pre-treatment, enhancing project economics
Improved modularization for increased off-site fabrication, reducing field labour and site construction risk
EIA final approval expected in 2025
1 The 2023 DFS capital cost estimate of US$1.38 billion was escalated to US$1.42 billion to reflect prevailing inflationary indices as of February 2025, before being optimized to US$1.16 billion following the value engineering study using 249mg/L design basis. The capital
cost values have not been static positions while quantities, durations, power loadings and filed layouts (amongst other things) have remained under review. The February 2025 capital cost of US$1.42 billion was only determined during the course of value engineering
work undertaken to calculate the updated capital cost figure contemplated in this presentation. This applies to each reference to the US$1.42 billion capital cost figure in this presentation. 2 Refer to ASX announcement dated 4 August 2025 – Updated Lithium Ore
Reserve. 3 Based on BMI Q2 2025 Lithium Price Forecast available via Lake Resources annual paid subscription. 4Refer to ASX announcement dated 3 June 2025. To remain consistent with the environmental permitting, the well locations for unutilized wells have not
been moved. 5 In the 2023 DFS, a two-phased construction philosophy was implemented due to the lack of grid power available early in the project's life. However, this approach is now considered unnecessary, and a single-phase construction approach will be utilized
instead. 6Refer to ASX Announcement dated 2 July 2025.
7
Significant milestones achieved in 2025 following successful 2023
and 2024 execution
2023 and 2024 Accomplishments
✓ Successfully completed demo plant – processed 5.2 million
litres of brine and produced more than 1,300kg of >99.5%
purity lithium carbonate
✓ Kachi Phase One DFS Completed1
✓ Initiated Strategic Partnering Process2
✓ Submitted Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)3
✓ Signed Letter of Intent (LOI) with YPF-Luz for power
supply4
✓ Right-sized business and cost structure to reflect current
scope of activities
2025+ Key Objectives
✓ Launched Kachi Strategic Review5
✓ JORC Update Increasing Total Resource to 11.1 Mt LCE6
✓ Completed Internal Capex and Opex Value Engineering Study
✓ Ore Reserve Statement Confirms 268 mg/L Lithium Grade7
✓ Completed Power Supply FEED8
✓ Completed Kachi Phase 1 DFS Addendum
o Obtain EIA Approval
o Complete Kachi Strategic Review
o Continue to optimize technical and commercial power solutions
o Work towards FID
1 Refer to ASX announcement dated 19 December 2023. 2 Refer to ASX announcement dated 29 November 2023. 3 Refer to ASX announcement dated 26 March 2024. 4 Refer to ASX announcement dated 6 May 2024. 5 Refer to ASX announcement dated 7 May
2025. 6 Refer to ASX announcement dated 3 June 2025. 7 Refer to ASX announcement 4 August 2025 – Updated Lithium Ore Reserve 8 Refer to ASX announcement dated 2 July 2025.
8
1. Improved Capex
1
IMPROVED
CAPEX
DFS Addendum Capex estimates reduced by 16%
compared to Original DFS figures
Capex Optimization (US$)
$1,377M
Key Drivers of Capex Reduction (US$)
▪ DFS Design basis improved from 205 mg/L to 249
$1,423M
mg/L
$46M
▪ Slight increase in Capex estimates reflects
-$266M
$1,157M
inflationary adjustments to labour and equipment
▪ Higher brine feed grade, and improved IX media
Original DFS Capex
Increase
2025 Inflation
Adjusted Capex
Savings
DFS Addendum
Capex
Updated Wellfield Development Plan
Lithium Concentration
Well Count
2023 DFS
205 mg/L
37 wells – 21 production, 16 injection
DFS Addendum
2025 DFS Addendum
Design Basis
249 mg/L
29 wells – 13 production, 16 injection
268 mg/L
25 wells – 11 production, 14 injection
2025 Ore Reserve1
1 Refer to ASX announcement dated 4 August 2025 – Updated Lithium Ore Reserve.
performance led to:
▪ Reduction in DLE modules reduced major
equipment, civil works and installation costs
of ~$98M in savings
▪ Optimized piping specification – swapping PEX for HDPE – saved $45M
▪ Mechanical equipment modification due to
improved feed rates, smaller plant footprint
resulted in $39M savings
▪ Strategic shift to higher-grade wells and
greater efficiency resulting in $31M savings
▪ Other efficiencies including, downsizing
reagent storage, handling and dosing systems,
efficient construction plan, elimination of
interim costs and updated vendor pricing
resulted in additional $53M savings
10
1
IMPROVED
CAPEX
Direct Lithium Extraction technology (Gen 4) improvements
Lilac Gen 4 Ion Exchange
The Kachi DFS Addendum incorporates improvements from Lilac’s Gen 4 lithium extraction
technology, which was launched in June 2024. This latest generation delivers significant
performance improvements that enhance project economics and sustainability:
Original DFS
(Gen 3 Lilac IX)
DFS Addendum
(Gen 4 Lilac IX)
Lithium Recovery
80%
90%
Impurity Rejection
99.9%
99.9%
Product Lithium
Concentration
(mg/L)
2,280
2,320
◼ Improved throughput and system design: 50% fewer IX modules are now required,
enabling a more compact system layout and driving 39% lower capital cost for the IX
package
Cycle Life
2,200
4,300+
◼ Proven in the field: Gen 4 technology was successfully demonstrated at Lilac’s Jujuy
plant with similar brine, exceeding the commercial design basis
IX Modules
8
4
◼ Lithium recovery rates increased from 80% to 90%. Combined with increased brine
grade, this improvement reduces the volume of feed and reinjection brine needed by
30% to meet plant capacity, thereby improving process efficiency and supporting
higher reserve estimates
◼ Impurity rejection of 99.9% ensures high-purity eluate, reducing downstream
processing complexity and cost
◼ Extended IX media durability significantly increases ion exchange media lifespan,
reduces replacement frequency and lowers reagent use by up to 70%
◼ Environmental and operational benefits: Gen 4 reduces water consumption by 32%,
supporting Kachi’s environmental sustainability objectives and lowering associated
utility and infrastructure costs
11
1
IMPROVED
CAPEX
▪
The Original DFS two-phase strategy was driven by uncertainties around timely grid power availability, forcing reliance on diesel and solar
power to accelerate first lithium production in Phase 1A and delaying the power-intensive Chlor-Alkali plant until Phase 1B
▪
▪
Optimised construction schedule accelerates Kachi’s
commissioning by six months
Introduced higher reagent and power costs via added Capex for interim processing and temporary power systems for Phase 1A
The DFS Addendum reflects a more streamlined and capital-efficient approach enabled by key shifts in project timing and power availability
▪
Grid power availability now expected to coincide with hook-up and commissioning activities
▪
Onsite commissioning of the Chlor-Alkali plant at handover enables in-house reagent production from Day 1
▪
Eliminates redundancy – interim processing and temporary power systems
New Project Development Timeline
Project Schedule Improvements
Original DFS
DFS Addendum
FID to Mechanical
Completion
33 months
30 months
FID to First Lithium
33 months
33 months
FID to Operation
Handover
48 months
42 months
Grid Power Available
36 months
30 months
12
2. Improved Opex
2
IMPROVED
OPEX
Kachi’s US$5,895/t Opex places it among the lowest-cost
brine projects globally
Run-rate Operating Expense Categories
Summary of operating cost estimates1
Maintenance Consumables
4% 2%
Labor
5%
▪ Utilities2 is the largest contributor to Opex with
grid power expenses being the most significant
factor (accounting for 55% of Opex)
G&A
▪ Next largest contributors are DLE costs and
7%
reagents cost (offset by a by-product credit for
excess sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite
production)
▪ Opex estimate is for typical operating year after
US$5,895
/ tonne
Reagents 12%
ramp-up
57% Utilities
13%
Lilac
1Estimated operating costs are based on February 2025 estimates adjusted for inflation using US Consumer Price Index. 2Utilities made up of power and water.
14
2
IMPROVED
OPEX
Achieved 28% reduction in non-utilities Opex compared to
Original DFS
Opex Optimization (US$/t)
Key Drivers of Opex Reduction
($508)
Improvements
$828
$6,047
$122
($108)
$8
($76)
($270)
$5,895
($236)
$184
($96)
Original Reagents
DFS
Maint.
Utilities Lilac DLE
Labour Consumables G&A
Wells 1
NaCIO
NaOH
DFS
By-product By-product Addendum
Credits
Credits
Opex
DFS Addendum
-3%
$6,047
-28%
+32%
$3,496
$2,516
Non-Utilities
$2,551
$5,895
Increases
in unit cost of sodium carbonate but
partially offset via by-product credits
▪ Utilities: ~98% increase in grid power
$3,379
Utilities
demand
▪ Maintenance: ~4% increase
▪ Reagents: ~13% increase driven by rise
Opex Breakdown Between Utilities & Non-Utilities (US$/t)
Original DFS
-3%
▪ DLE Technology: ~40% decrease
▪ G&A: ~40% decrease
▪ Consumables: ~41% decrease
▪ Labour: 27% decrease
▪ Utilities: 31% decrease in power MW
unit rate partially offset by 31%
decrease in MW consumed
Total Opex
1The wellfield sustaining cost (i.e., workover costs) calculation for the DFS Update are included in the project economic model as opposed to the Opex estimate costs.
15
2
IMPROVED
OPEX
YPF-Luz power FEED provides technical solution for grid
power access
Continuous optimization of technical and commercial power solutions up to FID
Kachi Power Consumption1
Grid Power Line – Potential Lithium Projects2
82 MW
25 MW
▪
-31%
57 MW
8 MW
Solar
48 MW
Grid
2023 DFS
Savings
2025 DFS Addendum
Improved technology, resource quality, and value engineering have significantly
reduced Kachi plant power consumption from 82MW to 57MW
▪ The 270 km line powering Kachi is expected to be built in two phases: Leg #1 ET La Puna in the north to ET #2 SHM (Hombre Muerto); and Leg #2 - ET #2
SHM to ET #3 Kachi in the south
▪ DFS Addendum pro-forma power costs assume Kachi will carry (on a MWh
basis) a significant portion of the capital costs of Leg #1 and 100% of Leg #2,
materially impacting total Opex
▪ Kachi’s power costs can potentially be reduced by adding additional users to
the power line, and/or via alternative power solutions including geothermal,
solar and trucked LNG
▪ Discussions are ongoing with YPF-Luz as Lake seeks to achieve the lowest cost
power solution for Kachi
1Does not include potential reduction in power consumption resulting from updating plant design basis to 268mg/L. 2Map developed internally and project locations are based on knowledge of Lake employees and consultants.
16
3. Robust Financials
3
ROBUST
FINANCIALS
Kachi economics to be positively impacted from Argentina’s
new Incentive Regime for Large Investments (RIGI)
RIGI Incentives Considered for Kachi Economic Analysis1
25% Corporate Income Tax flat rate
Accelerated depreciation
0% export duties after year three of obtaining RIGI approval
No customs duties on imports
Foreign currency from financing will not be subject to
restrictions
Several Recent RIGI Authorizations
▪ Argentina’s authorization of Rio Tinto’s US$2.5B
Rincon project—the inaugural approval under the
RIGI incentive regime—signals a transformative shift
for lithium investors
▪ Galan Lithium’s Hombre Muerto West lithium project
was also approved for RIGI by the Argentine
government, bringing the total number of RIGIapproved projects to six
▪ RIGI offers 30 years of regulatory stability, tax and
customs benefits, and international arbitration rights,
thereby enhancing confidence and accelerating
capital deployment in the region
▪ Lake assumes Kachi can apply for the RIGI
concessions in a timely manner
1Based on provisions of Argentina RIGI Law that was passed in 2024 for qualified capital projects that invest more than $200M in Argentina. Final terms are subject to extension of RIGI deadline to July 2027 and the outcome of direct negotiations between the Kachi
Project and the Argentine Government throughout the application process.
18
3
Long-term robust lithium demand projections with 10%
CAGR through 2035
ROBUST
FINANCIALS
Lithium demand is expected to roughly double over the next five years, although the market is expected to be
oversupplied over the same period
However, significant demand growth is anticipated to induce market shortfall beginning in 2029
Lithium Demand (BMI Q2 2025 Forecast)
Lithium Supply and Demand Balance Forecast
Total Supply (LHS)
2025-2035 CAGR = 10%
5,000
450
(‘000 LCE)
2,710
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,366
1,000
350
3,500
300
3,000
250
2,500
150
200
100
2,000
50
0
1,500
-50
-100
1,000
-150
-200
500
500
0
400
Deficit / Surplus (t LCE)
+98%
Supply / Demand of Lithium (t LCE)
4,000
3,000
500
4,000
4,158
3,500
Deficit (RHS)
4,500
+53%
4,500
Total Demand (LHS)
-250
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035
Source: BMI Q2 2025 Lithium Forecast.
Note: The Company does not verify the accuracy of information derived from BMI or from other company presentations or reports.
0
-300
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035
19
3
ROBUST
FINANCIALS
Average price of ~US$20.5k/t over LOM based on BMI Q2
2025 forecasts for battery grade lithium carbonate
Price Forecast for Battery Grade Lithium Carbonate (US$/t)
BMI Annual Price Forecast for Battery Grade Lithium Carbonate
$28,000
Average Price over Life of Mine
$26,000
Production Phase
$24,000
$22,000
$20,000
$20,460/t
$18,000
$16,000
$14,000
$12,000
Construction
Phase
$10,000
conservative price forecast
compared to Original DFS
▪ The forecasted lithium prices
are used to estimate project
revenues. Notably, prices in
the first three years of
production (years 1-3) are
significantly below the
average LOM price of
~US$20,500
▪ The lower prices in the early
years reduce forecast
revenues and Project
cashflows
▪ BMI forecasts that lithium
$8,000
carbonate prices will recover
from ~US$9,000/t in 2025 to
US$21,000/t by 2031, as
structural supply deficits
emerge post-2029
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
▪ Significantly more
Yr-2 Yr-1 Yr0 Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Yr4 Yr5 Yr6 Yr7 Yr8 Yr9 Yr10 Yr11 Yr12 Yr13 Yr14 Yr15 Yr16 Yr17 Yr18 Yr19 Yr20 Yr21 Yr22 Yr23 Yr24 Yr25
Source: BMI Q2 2025 Lithium Forecast.
Notes: The Company does not verify the accuracy of information derived from Benchmark Mineral or from other company presentations or reports.
20
3
ROBUST
FINANCIALS
Robust financial results
Targeted project financial results1 ($US) ($USD)
Units
Period
Original DFS
DFS
Addendum
Lithium Carbonate Revenue
$M
Life of Mine
20,700
12,837
Lithium Carbonate Revenue
$M
Annual Average
827
513
EBITDA2
$M
Life of Mine
15,870
9,031
EBITDA2
$M
Annual Average
635
361
EBITDA Margin
%
Run Rate
76%
71%
Net Profit After Tax
$M
Life of Mine
8,959
5,771
Opex
$/t
Run Rate
6,047
5,895
Total Capex
$M
1,377
1,157
NPV8 Pre-Tax
$M
3,854
-
NPV8 Post-Tax
$M
2,333
-
NPV10 Pre-Tax4
$M
-
1,469
NPV10 Post-Tax4
$M
-
1,011
IRR Pre-Tax
%
25.4
22.5
IRR Post-Tax
%
20.9
19.7
Total Free Cashflows (Post-Tax)
$M
9,310
6,794
Payback Period (Post-Tax)
Years
4.5
4.5
Drop in project economics compared to 2023 DFS are driven by
significantly lower forecast lithium price curve and 10% discount rate4
DFS Addendum – 25 ktpa LCE
Production Target3
$527M
Annual Lithium
Carbonate Revenues
$1.5B
22.5%
Pre-Tax NPV10
Pre-Tax IRR
$361M
$1.01B
19.7%
Annual Average EBITDA2
Post-Tax NPV10
Post-Tax IRR
25 years
$1.16B
$5.9/kg
Life of Mine
Capital Cost
Run Rate Operating Cost
Note on Discount Rate: The Original DFS applied an 8% real discount rate, consistent with industry
norms and aligned with the methodologies used by peer lithium developers at the time.
In this updated DFS Addendum, we have adopted a 10% real discount rate. This change reflects
our commitment to a more conservative and disciplined financial approach, aligns with current
market expectations and provides a more robust, risk-adjusted view of the Kachi Project’s
economic resilience
Life of Mine
1 Economics based on average price of ~$20,500 per tonne LCE over the LOM, derived from forward price projection provided by BMI in their Q2 2025 lithium price forecast, available via annual subscription. 2 Please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in the
appendix. Results reflect the impact of Argentina’s RIGI concessions on corporate income tax, export duties and accelerated depreciation. Final terms are subject to extension of RIGI deadline to July 2027 and the outcome of direct negotiations between the Kachi
Project and the Argentine Government throughout the application process. 3Refer to ASX announcement dated 4 August 2025, “Kachi Phase One Lithium Brine Definitive Feasibility Study Addendum” for full details regarding material assumptions relied upon.
Lake confirms the material assumptions in that announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed. 4 See Appendix for peer data on discount rate and “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
21
3
ROBUST
FINANCIALS
Sensitivity analysis shows Kachi is highly resilient to Capex
and Opex variations
Post-Tax NPV10 Sensitivities Chart (-15% / +15%; Base $1,011M) ($US)
Lithium Price
($17.40k - $20.50k - $23.50k)
41.4%
Capital Expenditure
($1.33B - $1.16B - $0.98B)
Operating Expenditure
($6,779/t - $5,895/t - $5,011/t)
Notes: Assumes + /- 15% sensitivity on post-tax NPV10 and IRR.
41.1%
Post-Tax IRR Sensitivities Chart (-15% / +15%; Base 19.7%) ($US)
Lithium Price
($17.39k - $20.5k - $23.53k)
15.0%
Capital Expenditure
($1.33B - $1.16B - $0.98B)
12.0% 12.0%
Operating Expenditure
($6,779/t - $5,895/t - $5,011/t)
15.0%
18.8%
17.5%
11.5%
5.4%
15.2%
5.7%
22
4. Reduced Risk
4
REDUCED
RISK
Resource size increased 12% to 11.1 million Mt LCE
Kachi
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